This panel convenes Brazilian experts to explore Ayahuasca’s multifaceted biological, clinical, and cultural dimensions through a multidisciplinary lens. The discussion will integrate molecular neuroscience, clinical research, ethnobotany, and psychoneuroendocrinology perspectives to advance our understanding of this psychoactive brew. Stevens Rehen will present research utilizing human cerebral organoids and Caenorhabditis elegans as experimental models to study the effects of DMT and harmine, two principal alkaloids in Ayahuasca. His work focuses on neural plasticity, neurodevelopment, and molecular pathways implicated in neurodegenerative processes. Nicole Galvão-Coelho will contribute a psychobiological perspective grounded in human clinical research. Drawing from her studies on the endocrine and behavioral effects of Ayahuasca, particularly in populations with treatment-resistant depression, she will discuss how psychedelics interact with the stress response system, modulate mood-related biomarkers, and promote psychological well-being. Her work bridges laboratory findings with therapeutic contexts, contributing to the evidence base supporting Ayahuasca’s clinical relevance. Draulio Araújo will offer insights from neuroimaging studies and clinical trials involving Ayahuasca, highlighting its effects on brain connectivity, altered states of consciousness, and its emerging therapeutic potential for psychiatric conditions such as depression and PTSD. Marcelo Leite, serving as moderator, will contextualize these scientific findings within broader historical, political, and cultural frameworks. Drawing from indigenous knowledge systems, contemporary policy debates, and narratives explored in his recent book, he will facilitate dialogue that bridges modern science and traditional wisdom. By spanning molecular insights, clinical data, endocrine mechanisms, and sociocultural contexts, this panel aims to enrich public and scientific discourse around Ayahuasca and its role at the intersection of neuroscience, psychiatry, public policy, and cultural heritage.
